Understanding the Architectural Design Process
- Maria Luisa Castellanos
- Sep 2
- 5 min read
Updated: Oct 6
The journey from an idea to a fully realized building is a fascinating and complex one. It involves creativity, technical knowledge, and careful planning. It is not easy. In fact, when I hear a person say, "Would you do a little plan for me?", I find it so irritating. (There are no little plans.)
Or when he says, "Can you give me an idea of your fees or the cost of the project?" Don't ask me this until I have seen the building or house, have a clear scope of work, and have had a chance to discuss the project with my engineers. Until there is a firm scope of work and how it relates to an existing house or building, the numbers associated with a project are just pie in the sky with no basis in reality.
To shed some light on this issue, let's start by trying to explain the architectural design process.
Understanding the architectural design steps can help anyone appreciate how architects transform concepts into structures that are both functional and beautiful. This article, by me, Maria Luisa Castellanos, a Miami architect, and the principal of United Architects, breaks down the process into clear, manageable parts, providing practical insights and examples along the way.
Key Architectural Design Steps Explained
Architectural design is not just about drawing pretty pictures. It is a structured process that guides the creation of buildings and spaces. Here are the essential steps involved:
Pre-Design and Research
This initial phase involves gathering information about the site, the client needs or the scope of work, the budget, and county, city, and code regulations. Architects conduct site analysis, study zoning laws, and understand environmental factors. For example, if the site is in a hurricane area, the design might include impact windows or specific window placements. If the project is in a flood zone, additional study is necessary at the beginning of the project. You may want to read more about this here.
Conceptual Design
Architects develop rough sketches and ideas that explore different ways to meet the project goals. This stage is highly creative and often involves brainstorming sessions. For instance, a school design might focus on maximizing natural light and creating open learning spaces. A commercial project in an urban setting with little available land may need to consider before anything else, how many parking spaces will fit onsite.
Schematic Design
The best concepts are refined into more detailed drawings. Floor plans, elevations, and sections are created to show the overall layout and appearance. This helps clients visualize the project and provide feedback.
Design Development
At this stage, the design becomes more detailed. Materials, structural systems, electrical and plumbing systems are selected. A rendering is created to allow the client to see the project in 3-dimensions. The choice between steel framing or reinforced concrete is made here based on cost and performance. Will the walls be concrete block and concrete or precast panels. Is the roof going to be a flat concrete slab or are sloped wood trusses going to be used. There are many details that have to be considered and resolved. There are thousands of decisions that have to be made during this phase of the project.
Construction Documents
Once the majority of decisions on the design are made, detailed drawings and specifications are prepared for contractors to build the project. These documents include precise measurements, materials, and assembly instructions.
Bidding and Negotiation
The architect will prepare the documents to bid. These include the drawings, the specifications, the Notice to Bidders, and any addenda. Contractors are interviewed to see and hear about their qualifications. This step should not be postponed to after obtaining bids. Contractors' time is valuable. Do not let anyone who is unqualified to waste his time putting a bid together.
Contractors review the construction documents and submit bids. The architect may help the client select the best form of contract to protect the client's interests and notify the bidders of the contract which will be used. Generally, going with the contract that the general contractor presents is not a good idea. On large commercial projects, the general contractor is usually required to carry a payment and performance bond. Once bids are obtained, the architect may assist the client in selecting the best contractor based on price, schedule, and qualifications.
Construction Administration
During construction, architects visit the site to ensure the work follows the design. They address any issues that arise and approve payments to contractors. Normally, these services are a separate fee from the design services.
Make sure that as payments are made to the contractor, the client receives releases of liens from the subcontractors and materialmen, particularly if they have sent a Notice to Owner. At the end of the project, when the project is finished, make sure the general contractor submits for the Certificate of Completion or Certificate of Occupancy and
make sure the contractor gives you a final release of lien and all permits are closed out.
What is the architectural design process?
So now that I have explained the steps to the design process, why do we need all this?
The architectural design process is a systematic approach that architects use to create buildings that meet client needs and comply with regulations. It involves multiple stages, each building on the previous one to ensure a successful outcome.
At its core, the process balances creativity with practicality. For example, an architect designing a community center must consider aesthetics, functionality, accessibility, and budget constraints simultaneously. This requires collaboration with engineers, planners, and clients.
A typical architectural design process includes:
Understanding the project scope
Developing design concepts
Refining designs through feedback
Preparing detailed construction documents
Overseeing construction to ensure quality
Construction sites show the transition from design to reality.
Practical Tips for Navigating Architectural Design Steps
If you are a client, what are practical tips to navigating this process?
Communicate clearly with your architect
Provide detailed information about your needs, preferences, and budget. The more your architect knows, the better they can tailor the design. Just be aware that architects can give you some idea of the cost of the project, however, they have very little control of costs and are not cost estimators. If you need an exact price for your project, consider hiring a cost estimator as a separate service.
Be open to ideas and revisions
Design is a collaborative process. Initial concepts may change as new challenges or opportunities arise.
Understand the timeline
Each step takes time. Rushing can lead to mistakes or overlooked details.
Review documents carefully
Construction documents are technical but crucial. Ask questions if anything is unclear.
Visit the site regularly during construction
Seeing the project progress helps catch issues early and ensures the design vision is realized.
By following these tips, you can contribute to a smoother process and a more satisfying final result.
The Role of Technology in Architectural Design
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software speeds up drafting and allows for quick changes.
In addition, an architect designing a house can use a 3D rendering to show the client how the house will look.
Digital tools enhance precision and collaboration in design.
Moving Forward with Confidence in Your Project
Understanding the architectural design steps empowers you to engage more effectively with architects and builders. Whether you are planning a new home, office, or public space, knowing what to expect helps you make informed decisions.
Remember, the architectural design process is a journey that combines creativity, technical skill, and collaboration. By appreciating each phase and staying involved, you can help ensure your project is successful, functional, and inspiring.
Take the time to explore resources, ask questions, and embrace the process. Your dream space is within reach when you understand how it comes to life.
Contact Information
If you would like to discuss your project, call the principal of the firm, Maria Luisa Castellanos, R.A., at 305-439-7898 or email her at MLC@UnitedArchs.com
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